"stummaz" meaning in All languages combined

See stummaz on Wiktionary

Adjective [Proto-Germanic]

IPA: /ˈstum.mɑz/
Etymology: From Pre-Germanic *stm̥Hnós, from Proto-Indo-European *stemH- (“to push, inhibit, stutter, stammer”); see *stammaz (“stammering”) for more. Etymology templates: {{der|gem-pro|ine-pro|*stemH-|t=to push, inhibit, stutter, stammer}} Proto-Indo-European *stemH- (“to push, inhibit, stutter, stammer”) Head templates: {{gem-adj}} *stummaz Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], stummaz [masculine, nominative, singular, strong], stummō [feminine, nominative, singular, strong], stummą [neuter, nominative, singular, strong], -atō [neuter, nominative, singular, strong], stummai [masculine, nominative, plural, strong], stummôz [feminine, nominative, plural, strong], stummō [neuter, nominative, plural, strong], stummanǭ [accusative, masculine, singular, strong], stummǭ [accusative, feminine, singular, strong], stummą [accusative, neuter, singular, strong], -atō [accusative, neuter, singular, strong], stummanz [accusative, masculine, plural, strong], stummōz [accusative, feminine, plural, strong], stummō [accusative, neuter, plural, strong], stummas [genitive, masculine, singular, strong], -is [genitive, masculine, singular, strong], stummaizōz [feminine, genitive, singular, strong], stummas [genitive, neuter, singular, strong], -is [genitive, neuter, singular, strong], stummaizǫ̂ [genitive, masculine, plural, strong], stummaizǫ̂ [feminine, genitive, plural, strong], stummaizǫ̂ [genitive, neuter, plural, strong], stummammai [dative, masculine, singular, strong], stummaizōi [dative, feminine, singular, strong], stummammai [dative, neuter, singular, strong], stummaimaz [dative, masculine, plural, strong], stummaimaz [dative, feminine, plural, strong], stummaimaz [dative, neuter, plural, strong], stummanō [instrumental, masculine, singular, strong], stummaizō [feminine, instrumental, singular, strong], stummanō [instrumental, neuter, singular, strong], stummaimiz [instrumental, masculine, plural, strong], stummaimiz [feminine, instrumental, plural, strong], stummaimiz [instrumental, neuter, plural, strong], stummô [masculine, nominative, singular, weak], stummǭ [feminine, nominative, singular, weak], stummô [neuter, nominative, singular, weak], stummaniz [masculine, nominative, plural, weak], stummōniz [feminine, nominative, plural, weak], stummōnō [neuter, nominative, plural, weak], stummanų [accusative, masculine, singular, weak], stummōnų [accusative, feminine, singular, weak], stummô [accusative, neuter, singular, weak], stummanunz [accusative, masculine, plural, weak], stummōnunz [accusative, feminine, plural, weak], stummōnō [accusative, neuter, plural, weak], stumminiz [genitive, masculine, singular, weak], stummōniz [feminine, genitive, singular, weak], stumminiz [genitive, neuter, singular, weak], stummanǫ̂ [genitive, masculine, plural, weak], stummōnǫ̂ [feminine, genitive, plural, weak], stummanǫ̂ [genitive, neuter, plural, weak], stummini [dative, masculine, singular, weak], stummōni [dative, feminine, singular, weak], stummini [dative, neuter, singular, weak], stummammaz [dative, masculine, plural, weak], stummōmaz [dative, feminine, plural, weak], stummammaz [dative, neuter, plural, weak], stumminē [instrumental, masculine, singular, weak], stummōnē [feminine, instrumental, singular, weak], stumminē [instrumental, neuter, singular, weak], stummammiz [instrumental, masculine, plural, weak], stummōmiz [feminine, instrumental, plural, weak], stummammiz [instrumental, neuter, plural, weak]
  1. mute Wikipedia link: Brill Publishers Tags: reconstruction Related terms: stammaz
    Sense id: en-stummaz-gem-pro-adj-p6obl5B0 Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "North Frisian",
              "lang_code": "frr",
              "word": "stomm"
            },
            {
              "lang": "North Frisian",
              "lang_code": "frr",
              "word": "stamm"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Saterland Frisian",
              "lang_code": "stq",
              "word": "stum"
            },
            {
              "lang": "West Frisian",
              "lang_code": "fy",
              "word": "stom"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Frisian",
          "lang_code": "ofs",
          "word": "stumm"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "North Frisian",
              "lang_code": "frr",
              "word": "stomm"
            },
            {
              "lang": "North Frisian",
              "lang_code": "frr",
              "word": "stamm"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Saterland Frisian",
              "lang_code": "stq",
              "word": "stum"
            },
            {
              "lang": "West Frisian",
              "lang_code": "fy",
              "word": "stom"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Frisian",
          "lang_code": "ofs",
          "word": "stum"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Low German",
                  "lang_code": "nds",
                  "word": "stumm"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Plautdietsch",
                  "lang_code": "pdt",
                  "word": "stomm"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Swedish",
                  "lang_code": "sv",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "stum"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle Low German",
              "lang_code": "gml",
              "word": "stum"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Saxon",
          "lang_code": "osx",
          "word": "stumm"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Low German",
                  "lang_code": "nds",
                  "word": "stumm"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Plautdietsch",
                  "lang_code": "pdt",
                  "word": "stomm"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Swedish",
                  "lang_code": "sv",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "stum"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle Low German",
              "lang_code": "gml",
              "word": "stum"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Saxon",
          "lang_code": "osx",
          "word": "stum"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "descendants": [
                    {
                      "lang": "Berbice Creole Dutch",
                      "lang_code": "brc",
                      "word": "stom"
                    },
                    {
                      "lang": "Negerhollands",
                      "lang_code": "dcr",
                      "word": "stom"
                    },
                    {
                      "lang": "English",
                      "lang_code": "en",
                      "raw_tags": [
                        "borrowed"
                      ],
                      "word": "stum"
                    },
                    {
                      "lang": "English",
                      "lang_code": "en",
                      "raw_tags": [
                        "borrowed"
                      ],
                      "word": "stoom"
                    },
                    {
                      "lang": "Papiamentu",
                      "lang_code": "pap",
                      "raw_tags": [
                        "borrowed"
                      ],
                      "tags": [
                        "dated"
                      ],
                      "word": "stom"
                    }
                  ],
                  "lang": "Dutch",
                  "lang_code": "nl",
                  "word": "stom"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "West Flemish",
                  "lang_code": "vls",
                  "word": "stum"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle Dutch",
              "lang_code": "dum",
              "word": "stomm"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "descendants": [
                    {
                      "lang": "Berbice Creole Dutch",
                      "lang_code": "brc",
                      "word": "stom"
                    },
                    {
                      "lang": "Negerhollands",
                      "lang_code": "dcr",
                      "word": "stom"
                    },
                    {
                      "lang": "English",
                      "lang_code": "en",
                      "raw_tags": [
                        "borrowed"
                      ],
                      "word": "stum"
                    },
                    {
                      "lang": "English",
                      "lang_code": "en",
                      "raw_tags": [
                        "borrowed"
                      ],
                      "word": "stoom"
                    },
                    {
                      "lang": "Papiamentu",
                      "lang_code": "pap",
                      "raw_tags": [
                        "borrowed"
                      ],
                      "tags": [
                        "dated"
                      ],
                      "word": "stom"
                    }
                  ],
                  "lang": "Dutch",
                  "lang_code": "nl",
                  "word": "stom"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "West Flemish",
                  "lang_code": "vls",
                  "word": "stum"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle Dutch",
              "lang_code": "dum",
              "word": "stom"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Dutch",
          "lang_code": "odt",
          "word": "*stumm"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "German",
                  "lang_code": "de",
                  "word": "stumm"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Luxembourgish",
                  "lang_code": "lb",
                  "word": "stomm"
                },
                {
                  "descendants": [
                    {
                      "lang": "English",
                      "lang_code": "en",
                      "raw_tags": [
                        "borrowed"
                      ],
                      "word": "shtum"
                    }
                  ],
                  "lang": "Yiddish",
                  "lang_code": "yi",
                  "roman": "shtum",
                  "word": "שטום"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle High German",
              "lang_code": "gmh",
              "word": "stum"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old High German",
          "lang_code": "goh",
          "word": "stumm"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "German",
                  "lang_code": "de",
                  "word": "stumm"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Luxembourgish",
                  "lang_code": "lb",
                  "word": "stomm"
                },
                {
                  "descendants": [
                    {
                      "lang": "English",
                      "lang_code": "en",
                      "raw_tags": [
                        "borrowed"
                      ],
                      "word": "shtum"
                    }
                  ],
                  "lang": "Yiddish",
                  "lang_code": "yi",
                  "roman": "shtum",
                  "word": "שטום"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle High German",
              "lang_code": "gmh",
              "word": "stum"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old High German",
          "lang_code": "goh",
          "word": "stumb"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "German",
                  "lang_code": "de",
                  "word": "stumm"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Luxembourgish",
                  "lang_code": "lb",
                  "word": "stomm"
                },
                {
                  "descendants": [
                    {
                      "lang": "English",
                      "lang_code": "en",
                      "raw_tags": [
                        "borrowed"
                      ],
                      "word": "shtum"
                    }
                  ],
                  "lang": "Yiddish",
                  "lang_code": "yi",
                  "roman": "shtum",
                  "word": "שטום"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle High German",
              "lang_code": "gmh",
              "word": "stum"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old High German",
          "lang_code": "goh",
          "word": "stum"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
      "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
      "word": "*stumm"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*stemH-",
        "t": "to push, inhibit, stutter, stammer"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *stemH- (“to push, inhibit, stutter, stammer”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Pre-Germanic *stm̥Hnós, from Proto-Indo-European *stemH- (“to push, inhibit, stutter, stammer”); see *stammaz (“stammering”) for more.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummanǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummaizōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummaizōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummaizō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummaniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummanų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummanunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stumminiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stumminiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stumminē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stumminē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "*stummaz",
      "name": "gem-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stummaz",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "mute"
      ],
      "id": "en-stummaz-gem-pro-adj-p6obl5B0",
      "links": [
        [
          "mute",
          "mute"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "stammaz"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Brill Publishers"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈstum.mɑz/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "stummaz"
}
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "North Frisian",
              "lang_code": "frr",
              "word": "stomm"
            },
            {
              "lang": "North Frisian",
              "lang_code": "frr",
              "word": "stamm"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Saterland Frisian",
              "lang_code": "stq",
              "word": "stum"
            },
            {
              "lang": "West Frisian",
              "lang_code": "fy",
              "word": "stom"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Frisian",
          "lang_code": "ofs",
          "word": "stumm"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "North Frisian",
              "lang_code": "frr",
              "word": "stomm"
            },
            {
              "lang": "North Frisian",
              "lang_code": "frr",
              "word": "stamm"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Saterland Frisian",
              "lang_code": "stq",
              "word": "stum"
            },
            {
              "lang": "West Frisian",
              "lang_code": "fy",
              "word": "stom"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Frisian",
          "lang_code": "ofs",
          "word": "stum"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Low German",
                  "lang_code": "nds",
                  "word": "stumm"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Plautdietsch",
                  "lang_code": "pdt",
                  "word": "stomm"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Swedish",
                  "lang_code": "sv",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "stum"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle Low German",
              "lang_code": "gml",
              "word": "stum"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Saxon",
          "lang_code": "osx",
          "word": "stumm"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Low German",
                  "lang_code": "nds",
                  "word": "stumm"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Plautdietsch",
                  "lang_code": "pdt",
                  "word": "stomm"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Swedish",
                  "lang_code": "sv",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "stum"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle Low German",
              "lang_code": "gml",
              "word": "stum"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Saxon",
          "lang_code": "osx",
          "word": "stum"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "descendants": [
                    {
                      "lang": "Berbice Creole Dutch",
                      "lang_code": "brc",
                      "word": "stom"
                    },
                    {
                      "lang": "Negerhollands",
                      "lang_code": "dcr",
                      "word": "stom"
                    },
                    {
                      "lang": "English",
                      "lang_code": "en",
                      "raw_tags": [
                        "borrowed"
                      ],
                      "word": "stum"
                    },
                    {
                      "lang": "English",
                      "lang_code": "en",
                      "raw_tags": [
                        "borrowed"
                      ],
                      "word": "stoom"
                    },
                    {
                      "lang": "Papiamentu",
                      "lang_code": "pap",
                      "raw_tags": [
                        "borrowed"
                      ],
                      "tags": [
                        "dated"
                      ],
                      "word": "stom"
                    }
                  ],
                  "lang": "Dutch",
                  "lang_code": "nl",
                  "word": "stom"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "West Flemish",
                  "lang_code": "vls",
                  "word": "stum"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle Dutch",
              "lang_code": "dum",
              "word": "stomm"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "descendants": [
                    {
                      "lang": "Berbice Creole Dutch",
                      "lang_code": "brc",
                      "word": "stom"
                    },
                    {
                      "lang": "Negerhollands",
                      "lang_code": "dcr",
                      "word": "stom"
                    },
                    {
                      "lang": "English",
                      "lang_code": "en",
                      "raw_tags": [
                        "borrowed"
                      ],
                      "word": "stum"
                    },
                    {
                      "lang": "English",
                      "lang_code": "en",
                      "raw_tags": [
                        "borrowed"
                      ],
                      "word": "stoom"
                    },
                    {
                      "lang": "Papiamentu",
                      "lang_code": "pap",
                      "raw_tags": [
                        "borrowed"
                      ],
                      "tags": [
                        "dated"
                      ],
                      "word": "stom"
                    }
                  ],
                  "lang": "Dutch",
                  "lang_code": "nl",
                  "word": "stom"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "West Flemish",
                  "lang_code": "vls",
                  "word": "stum"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle Dutch",
              "lang_code": "dum",
              "word": "stom"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Dutch",
          "lang_code": "odt",
          "word": "*stumm"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "German",
                  "lang_code": "de",
                  "word": "stumm"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Luxembourgish",
                  "lang_code": "lb",
                  "word": "stomm"
                },
                {
                  "descendants": [
                    {
                      "lang": "English",
                      "lang_code": "en",
                      "raw_tags": [
                        "borrowed"
                      ],
                      "word": "shtum"
                    }
                  ],
                  "lang": "Yiddish",
                  "lang_code": "yi",
                  "roman": "shtum",
                  "word": "שטום"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle High German",
              "lang_code": "gmh",
              "word": "stum"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old High German",
          "lang_code": "goh",
          "word": "stumm"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "German",
                  "lang_code": "de",
                  "word": "stumm"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Luxembourgish",
                  "lang_code": "lb",
                  "word": "stomm"
                },
                {
                  "descendants": [
                    {
                      "lang": "English",
                      "lang_code": "en",
                      "raw_tags": [
                        "borrowed"
                      ],
                      "word": "shtum"
                    }
                  ],
                  "lang": "Yiddish",
                  "lang_code": "yi",
                  "roman": "shtum",
                  "word": "שטום"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle High German",
              "lang_code": "gmh",
              "word": "stum"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old High German",
          "lang_code": "goh",
          "word": "stumb"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "German",
                  "lang_code": "de",
                  "word": "stumm"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Luxembourgish",
                  "lang_code": "lb",
                  "word": "stomm"
                },
                {
                  "descendants": [
                    {
                      "lang": "English",
                      "lang_code": "en",
                      "raw_tags": [
                        "borrowed"
                      ],
                      "word": "shtum"
                    }
                  ],
                  "lang": "Yiddish",
                  "lang_code": "yi",
                  "roman": "shtum",
                  "word": "שטום"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle High German",
              "lang_code": "gmh",
              "word": "stum"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old High German",
          "lang_code": "goh",
          "word": "stum"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
      "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
      "word": "*stumm"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*stemH-",
        "t": "to push, inhibit, stutter, stammer"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *stemH- (“to push, inhibit, stutter, stammer”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Pre-Germanic *stm̥Hnós, from Proto-Indo-European *stemH- (“to push, inhibit, stutter, stammer”); see *stammaz (“stammering”) for more.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummanǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummaizōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummaizōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummaizō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummaniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummanų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummanunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stumminiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stumminiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stumminē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stumminē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stummammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "*stummaz",
      "name": "gem-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stummaz",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "stammaz"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-Germanic a-stem adjectives",
        "Proto-Germanic adjectives",
        "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Germanic lemmas",
        "Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "mute"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "mute",
          "mute"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Brill Publishers"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈstum.mɑz/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "stummaz"
}

Download raw JSONL data for stummaz meaning in All languages combined (11.7kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.